Introduction

Controversy - the pros and cons

History of trepanation

Brain Pulsations

Effect of trepanation on brain pulsations

Mechanism and benficial effects of trepanation on cerebral circulation

Trepanation in ancient times

Trepanation across different cultural groups

References and citations

Advanced reading

 

 

 

References and citations:

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BATRAWI, A., 1935: Report on the human remains. Mission Archéologique de Nubie, 1929-1934. Cairo.
BATRAWI, A., 1957: Personal communication.
BIRCHER, E., 1908: Schädelverletzungen durch mittelalterliche Nahkampfwaffen. Arch. klin. Chir., 85:488.
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BREITINGER, E., 1938: Zur Trepanation in der Frübronzezeit. Anthrop. Anz., 15:73.
BROCA, P., 1875: Sur les trous parietaux et sur la perforation congenitale, double et symmetrique des parietaux. Bull. Soc. Anthrop. Paris, Sér. 2, 10:326. BROCA, P., 1876a: Sur les trépanations préhistoriques. Bull. Soc. Anthrop. Paris, Sér. 2, 11:236 and 431.
BROCA, P., 1876b: Sur l âge des sujets à la trépanation chirurgicale néolithique. Bull. Soc. Anthrop. Paris. Sér 2, 11:572.
BROTHWELL, D. R., 1963: Digging up bones: the excavation, treatment and study of human skeletal remains, London, British Museum.
BRUNN, W. v., 1936: Über Trepanationen im sächsischthüringischen Kulturkreis. Sudhoffs Arch. Gesch. Med., 29:203.
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